Interstitial cystitis us a bladder condition that causes long-term pelvic pain and problems peeing. It is also known as painful bladder syndrome or bladder pain syndrome. The condition tends to first affect people in their 30s and 40s and it is far more common in women than men.

The main symptoms of interstitial cystitis are intense pelvic pain, a sudden strong urge to pee, needing to pee more often than normal, waking up several times during the night to go to the bathroom. The pain may be worse when your bladder is full and may be temporarily relieved when you go to the bathroom. You might also find the pain is worse during your period or after having certain foods or drinks. The symptoms will often come and go in phases. You may have episodes lasting days, weeks, or months, followed by times when they improve.

The exact cause of interstitial cystitis is unclear. Unlike other types of cystitis, there is no obvious infection in the bladder, and antibiotics do not help. For some people with the condition, the bladder is inflamed, ulcerated, scarred, or stiff. Some factors contribute to interstitial cystitis, for example there may be a defect in the protective lining (epithelium) of the bladder, and a leak would allow toxic substances in urine to irritate your bladder wall. There are other unproven factors, such as an autoimmune reaction, infection, or allergy.

Lifestyle changes will be recommended at first to help you manage your interstitial cystitis. Reducing stress by exercising, taking a warm bath or meditation can help reduce your symptoms. Avoiding certain food such as tomatoes and alcohol if you notice they make your symptoms worse. Quitting smoking – the chemicals you breathe whilst smoking may irritate your bladder. Planning toilet breaks to prevent your bladder from becoming too full.

Unfortunately there is no cure for interstitial cystitis, however over the counter painkillers or antihistamines can help reduce the symptoms. Stronger painkillers or medications that help relax the bladder muscles are available with a prescription.