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Sinus Infections

Sinus Infections

Sinus infections are a common ailment caused by a bacterial or viral infection and resulting in inflammation of the tissues in the sinuses. Viral infections account for around nine out of ten sinus infections in adults.

Also called sinusitis, sinus infections occur when fluid is trapped or blocked in the sinuses, allowing germs to grow and infections to take hold. Certain medical conditions increase the likelihood of a sinus infection developing, such as a common cold, a weak immune system, nasal polyps, allergies, and structural problems in the sinuses themselves.

Common symptoms of a sinus infection include headaches, coughing, fever, fatigue, nasal congestion, loss of smell, bad breath, and facial pressure, particularly behind the eyes.

Treatment of sinus infections depends on the severity of the case and the cause of the infection. Bacterial sinus infections may be treated with antibiotics, but the majority of infections will clear up without medication. Measures to help with sinus infections include using a humidifier and using a saline solution to clear the sinuses.

Over-the-counter and prescription medications may be used to alleviate symptoms. Drug classes used to treat sinus infections are fluoroquinolone antibiotics, macrolide antibiotics, 2nd generation cephalosporin and cephamycin antibiotics, 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics, and penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotics. 

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