Sunburn is a form of skin damage caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, most commonly from sunlight. It can occur in as little as 15 minutes of unprotected exposure and affects millions of people each year in the United States, especially during summer months or in high UV index regions.

Symptoms of sunburn include redness, pain, swelling, and skin that feels warm or hot to the touch. In more severe cases, sunburn can lead to blistering, peeling, dehydration, fever, or even sun poisoning. Repeated sunburns, especially during childhood, significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma.

Sunburn is caused by overexposure to UV rays without adequate protection. Risk factors include fair skin, high altitude, proximity to the equator, reflective surfaces (such as water or snow), and certain medications that increase photosensitivity.

Treatment for sunburn focuses on relieving pain and supporting skin healing. Mild sunburn may be treated with cool compresses, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relief. More severe cases may require medical attention. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and topical corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and discomfort. Topical analgesics may also be used to soothe the affected area.

The best approach to sunburn is prevention. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid peak sun exposure hours to protect your skin and reduce long-term health risks.