Syncope is the medical name for fainting, a temporary loss of consciousness. It is usually brief and will often have no medical significance. The cause could, however, be far more serious and often involving the heart. It is important therefore to treat any loss of consciousness as a medical emergency.

Fainting is caused by decreased blood flow to the brain. A single episode is called a vasovagal attack or neurally-mediated syncope, it is the most common type of fainting, especially in young adults and children. It occurs because of a drop in blood pressure, reducing circulation of blood to the brain. Typically an attack occurs whilst standing and you may experience a sensation of warmth, nausea, light-headedness beforehand. If the syncope is prolonged, it can trigger a seizure. Mot people who experience a simple fainting spell, usually don’t have any underlying heart or neurological conditions. It may be caused instead by hunger, fear, anxiety, pain, stress or the use of alcohol or drugs. Some people have a problem with the regulation of blood pressure, especially when moving from a seated position to standing too quickly. This type of fainting is more common in elderly people or those that have had a lengthy illness.

Some heart conditions, such as irregular heartbeat, seizures, low blood sugar, anemia and problems with the body’s nervous system can also cause fainting.

Fainting doesn’t usually require treatment; however, you should speak to your doctor to see if they can determine the cause of your fainting and you may need treatment for an underlying condition.